The unstable distribution (sid) The code name for Debian's development distribution is sid, aliased to unstable. Most of the development work that is done in Debian. Installation with modified Netboot iso. The installation medium will be a CD / DVD. In order to tell the debian installer to start the ssh server and wait.
Getting Debian Support Developers' Corner / 软件包 / jessie / admin 属于 'jessie' 发行版 admin 子版面的软件包 0install (2.7-3. utility to create bootable ISO-Images for. Hello, I want to make PXE Boot server, which will have several linux installation images (Ubuntu, Debian, CentOS). I want to make an unattended debian installation. Getting Debian Support Developers' Corner / 软件包 / wheezy / admin 属于 'wheezy' 发行版 admin 子版面的软件包 abootimg (0.6-1) Tool to read/write/update android.
Instead of simply duplicating a reference installation. After a few minutes, we get the required image in images/debian-8.0-amd64-CD-1.iso. Prev12.2. Goal. The goal of this guide is to help you create an Ubuntu installation CD that you can use to perform unattended installations. Configuration files will be fetched. Preseed file example for Debian Stable; If you use a preseed file for an older. Filip Van Raemdonck documented modifying an iso to include the preseed file in. Debian Security Advisory DSA-3297-1 unattended-upgrades -- security update Date Reported: Affected Packages: unattended-upgrades Vulnerable. AutomatedInstallation; Search: Wiki / Login. * unattended run. Fully Automatic Installation can install and configure Debian and RPM based distributions.
Automated Installation. The Falcot Corp administrators, like many administrators of large IT services, need tools to install (or reinstall) quickly, and automatically if possible, their new machines.
These requirements can be met by a wide range of solutions. On the one hand, generic tools such as System. Imager handle this by creating an image based on a template machine, then deploy that image to the target systems; at the other end of the spectrum, the standard Debian installer can be preseeded with a configuration file giving the answers to the questions asked during the installation process. As a sort of middle ground, a hybrid tool such as FAI (Fully Automatic Installer) installs machines using the packaging system, but it also uses its own infrastructure for tasks that are more specific to massive deployments (such as starting, partitioning, configuration and so on). Each of these solutions has its pros and cons: System. Imager works independently from any particular packaging system, which allows it to manage large sets of machines using several distinct Linux distributions.
It also includes an update system that doesn't require a reinstallation, but this update system can only be reliable if the machines are not modified independently; in other words, the user must not update any software on their own, or install any other software. Similarly, security updates must not be automated, because they have to go through the centralized reference image maintained by System. Imager. This solution also requires the target machines to be homogeneous, otherwise many different images would have to be kept and managed (an i.
On the other hand, an automated installation using debian- installer can adapt to the specifics of each machine: the installer will fetch the appropriate kernel and software packages from the relevant repositories, detect available hardware, partition the whole hard disk to take advantage of all the available space, install the corresponding Debian system, and set up an appropriate bootloader. However, the standard installer will only install standard Debian versions, with the base system and a set of pre- selected “tasks”; this precludes installing a particular system with non- packaged applications. Fulfilling this particular need requires customizing the installer… Fortunately, the installer is very modular, and there are tools to automate most of the work required for this customization, most importantly simple- CDD (CDD being an acronym for Custom Debian Derivative). Even the simple- CDD solution, however, only handles initial installations; this is usually not a problem since the APT tools allow efficient deployment of updates later on. We will only give a rough overview of FAI, and skip System.
Imager altogether (which is no longer in Debian), in order to focus more intently on debian- installer and simple- CDD, which are more interesting in a Debian- only context. Fully Automatic Installer (FAI)Fully Automatic Installer is probably the oldest automated deployment system for Debian, which explains its status as a reference; but its very flexible nature only just compensates for the complexity it involves. FAI requires a server system to store deployment information and allow target machines to boot from the network.
This server requires the fai- server package (or fai- quickstart, which also brings the required elements for a standard configuration). FAI uses a specific approach for defining the various installable profiles. Instead of simply duplicating a reference installation, FAI is a full- fledged installer, fully configurable via a set of files and scripts stored on the server; the default location /srv/fai/config/ is not automatically created, so the administrator needs to create it along with the relevant files. Most of the times, these files will be customized from the example files available in the documentation for the fai- doc package, more particularly the /usr/share/doc/fai- doc/examples/simple/ directory. Once the profiles are defined, the fai- setup command generates the elements required to start an FAI installation; this mostly means preparing or updating a minimal system (NFS- root) used during installation. An alternative is to generate a dedicated boot CD with fai- cd.
Creating all these configuration files requires some understanding of the way FAI works. A typical installation process is made of the following steps. NFS. executing /usr/sbin/fai, which controls the rest of the process (the next steps are therefore initiated by this script). The /fai/class/[0- 9][0- 9]* scripts are executed in turn, and return names of “classes” that apply to the machine being installed; this information will serve as a base for the following steps. This allows for some flexibility in defining the services to be installed and configured.
Debconf database with fai- debconf. APT. installing the packages listed in /fai/package_config/class. Preseeding Debian- Installer. At the end of the day, the best tool to install Debian systems should logically be the official Debian installer. This is why, right from its inception, debian- installer has been designed for automated use, taking advantage of the infrastructure provided by debconf. The latter allows, on the one hand, to reduce the number of questions asked (hidden questions will use the provided default answer), and on the other hand, to provide the default answers separately, so that installation can be non- interactive.
This last feature is known as preseeding. Using a Preseed File. There are several places where the installer can get a preseeding file.
The file just needs to be called preseed. CD or USB key); preseeding then happens as soon as the media is mounted, which means right after the questions about language and keyboard layout. The preseed/file boot parameter can be used to indicate the location of the preseeding file (for instance, /cdrom/preseed. CD- ROM, or /hd- media/preseed. USB- key case). from the network; preseeding then only happens after the network is (automatically) configured; the relevant boot parameter is then preseed/url=http: //server/preseed.
At a glance, including the preseeding file in the initrd looks like the most interesting solution; however, it is rarely used in practice, because generating an installer initrd is rather complex. The other two solutions are much more common, especially since boot parameters provide another way to preseed the answers to the first questions of the installation process. The usual way to save the bother of typing these boot parameters by hand at each installation is to save them into the configuration for isolinux (in the CD- ROM case) or syslinux (USB key). Creating a Preseed File. A preseed file is a plain text file, where each line contains the answer to one Debconf question.
A line is split across four fields separated by whitespace (spaces or tabs), as in, for instance, d- i mirror/suite string stable. Debian packages. the second field is an identifier for the question. Note that it must be separated from the third field with a single space; if there are more than one, the following space characters are considered part of the value. The simplest way to write a preseed file is to install a system by hand. Then debconf- get- selections - -installer will provide the answers concerning the installer. Answers about other packages can be obtained with debconf- get- selections.
However, a cleaner solution is to write the preseed file by hand, starting from an example and the reference documentation: with such an approach, only questions where the default answer needs to be overridden can be preseeded; using the priority=critical boot parameter will instruct Debconf to only ask critical questions, and use the default answer for others. Creating a Customized Boot Media. Knowing where to store the preseed file is all very well, but the location isn't everything: one must, one way or another, alter the installation boot media to change the boot parameters and add the preseed file. Booting From the Network. When a computer is booted from the network, the server sending the initialization elements also defines the boot parameters. Thus, the change needs to be made in the PXE configuration for the boot server; more specifically, in its /tftpboot/pxelinux.
Setting up network boot is a prerequisite; see the Installation Guide for details. Preparing a Bootable USB Key. Example 1. 2. 2. syslinux. US. UTF- 8 keymap=us language=us country=US vga=7. Creating a CD- ROM Image.
A USB key is a read- write media, so it was easy for us to add a file there and change a few parameters. In the CD- ROM case, the operation is more complex, since we need to regenerate a full ISO image.
This task is handled by debian- cd, but this tool is rather awkward to use: it needs a local mirror, and it requires an understanding of all the options provided by /usr/share/debian- cd/CONF. README is therefore a very recommended read. Having said that, debian- cd always operates in a similar way: an “image” directory with the exact contents of the CD- ROM is generated, then converted to an ISO file with a tool such as genisoimage, mkisofs or xorriso.
The image directory is finalized after debian- cd's make image- trees step. At that point, we insert the preseed file into the appropriate directory (usually $TDIR/$CODENAME/CD1/, $TDIR and $CODENAME being parameters defined by the CONF. The CD- ROM uses isolinux as its bootloader, and its configuration file must be adapted from what debian- cd generated, in order to insert the required boot parameters (the specific file is $TDIR/$CODENAME/boot.
Then the “normal” process can be resumed, and we can go on to generating the ISO image with make image CD=1 (or make images if several CD- ROMs are generated). Simple- CDD: The All- In- One Solution. Simply using a preseed file is not enough to fulfill all the requirements that may appear for large deployments.